3
Ukrainian state standards of round timber products
Round timber hardwoods. Requirements in accordance with GOST 9462-88
Saw logs of the hardwoods, delivered for export. Specifications
Pulpwood for export. Specifications
The basic defects and their account
Quick Links:
oak sawn timber
beech sawn timber
softwoods lumber
construction timber
and sleepers
parquet flooring
flooring boards
industrial parquet
lamellas
sliced veneer
solid wood panels and glued beams
packaging timber,
pallets and firewood
quality control services
Last News:
Feb 2022
Russia invaded Ukraine. If you can somehow help the Ukrainian side in this war, please contact official sources or contact us directly
Feb 2015
We are available at lisltd.biz domain
9 Apr 2015
Ukrainian Parliament prohibited export of round logs:
- all wood logs except pine starting from 1st Nov 2015
- pine logs starting from 1st Jan 2017
Please contact us to find a way to save your purchase programs
|
THE BASIC DEFECTS AND THEIR ACCOUNT IN VARIOUS KINDS OF WOOD PRODUCTS |
|
| # |
The name of defect |
The defect which is taken into account |
| in round timber |
in sawn timber |
in veneer sheet |
| 1. |
Knots |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| uncovered knot |
+ |
-- |
-- |
| - round |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - oval |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - spike |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - face |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - edge |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - arris |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - end |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - stitching |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - single (scattered) |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - group |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - branched |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - intergrown |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - partially intergrown |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - unintergrown (dead or dry) |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - loose |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - sound |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| --- light |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| --- dark |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| --- with cracks |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - decayed |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| - unsound |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| - tobacco |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| - one-sided |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - traversing (through) |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| overgrown knot |
+ |
-- |
-- |
| 2. |
Fissures |
|
|
|
| - heart shake |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| --- simple |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| --- star shake |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| - ring shake |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| - frost crack |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| - check |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| - crack |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| --- face crack |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| --- edge crack |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - end shake |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| - not traversing |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| ---surface check |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| ---deep |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| - traversing |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - close |
-- |
-- |
+ |
| - dispersed |
-- |
-- |
+ |
| 3. |
Defects of the form of a trunk |
|
|
|
| fall-off |
+ |
+ * |
-- |
| butting |
+ |
+ * |
-- |
| - round |
+ |
-- |
-- |
| - ribbed |
+ |
-- |
-- |
| ovality |
+ |
-- |
-- |
| woodknod |
+ |
+ * |
-- |
| sweep |
+ |
+ * |
-- |
| - simple |
+ |
+ * |
-- |
| - multiple |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| 4. |
Defects of a structure of wood |
|
|
|
| inclination of fibres |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| - tangential |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - radial |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| compression wood* |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| - local |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| - continuous |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| tension wood ** |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| curly grain |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - wavy |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - tangled |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| tendril |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - unilateral |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - traversing |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| eyelets |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - scattered |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - group |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - light |
-- |
-- |
+ |
| - dark |
-- |
-- |
+ |
| pitch-pocket |
|
|
|
| - unilateral |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - traversing |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| pith |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| double pith |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| eccentric pith |
+ |
-- |
-- |
| stub |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| scar |
+ |
+ * |
-- |
| bark pocket |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| - open |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| ---unilateral |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| ---traversing |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - closed |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| - intergrown |
-- |
-- |
+ |
| - light |
-- |
-- |
+ |
| - dark |
-- |
-- |
+ |
| canker |
+ |
+ * |
-- |
| - open |
+ |
-- |
-- |
| - closed |
+ |
-- |
-- |
| resine streak |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| false core ** |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| mottle |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - tangential |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - radial |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - vein |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| ---scattered |
-- |
-- |
+ |
| ---group |
-- |
-- |
+ |
| ---traces from veins |
-- |
-- |
+ |
| included sapwood |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| water-layer |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| 5. |
Chemical stain |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - spent tan |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - yellowness* |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - light |
-- |
-- |
+ |
| - dark |
-- |
-- |
+ |
| 6. |
Fungus defeats |
|
|
|
| fungus nucleus stains |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| mould |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| sapwood fungus colourings |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| - blue stain |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| - color sapwood stains |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| - light |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - dark |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| - surface |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| - deep |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| - sublayer |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| brown streak ** |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| - face |
+ |
-- |
-- |
| - lateral |
+ |
-- |
-- |
| rot |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| - mottley sieve |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| - brown cracked |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| - white ** |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| - sapwood |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| ---firm |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| ---soft |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| - heartwood |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| - external mouldering |
+ |
-- |
-- |
| hollow heart |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| 7. |
Biological deteriorations |
|
|
|
| wormhole |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| - superficial |
+ |
+ * |
-- |
| - not deep |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| - deep |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| ---large |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| ---not large |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| - traversing |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| deterioration of wood by parasitic plants |
|
|
|
| - superficial |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - deep |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| by bird pecks |
+ |
-- |
-- |
| 8. |
Foreign bodies, mechanical dama ges and defects of processing |
|
|
|
| foreign bodies |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| carbonification |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| barking |
+ |
-- |
-- |
| tapping cut |
+ |
+ * |
-- |
| butt trimming |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| wane |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - blunt |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - sharp |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| закорина |
-- |
-- |
+ |
| tooth marks |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| snaking |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| hairiness |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| torn grain |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| fringe |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| notch |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| sawcut |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| detachment |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| chip |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| flag |
+ |
+ |
-- |
| agnail |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| shear |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| teases |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| dent |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| dint |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| fragmentary butt-end |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| ripples of veneer sheet |
-- |
-- |
+ |
| pinhole |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| scratch |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| snatch |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| not milling |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| comb |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| polishing |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| shortage of polishing |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| burn |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| 9. |
Warp |
-- |
+ |
+ |
| bow |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - simple |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| - compound |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| spring |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| cup |
-- |
+ |
-- |
| twist |
-- |
+ |
-- |
Notes:
+ - means, that defect is taken into account;
+ * - means, that defect meets only in softwoods;
+ ** - means, that defect meets only in hardwoods.
|
|
|
